Types of Floor Construction
Types of Floor Construction
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Composite metal deck slabs
For steel frames, it's usual to have a deck floor made of a composite system. The deck of metal can be laid on primary and secondary steel beam sections. Shear studs and beams are arc-welded between the steel deck as well as the top of the beam. It is then put over the deck in the depth specified (varies between 150mm-250mm thick). The result is a composite section between the beam of steel and the concrete section, which enhances the resistance of the beam against shear, bend, and deflection.
The composite floor is the metal deck and the manufacturers are Tata steel Northern Deck and many other companies. They typically range from 0.7mm to 1.2mm gauge It is crucial to be aware that the larger gauge can be quite different in price.
It is vital to keep in mind that when construction is underway the concrete is wet/fluid and is subject to higher pressure on the metal deck. The deck will also be exposed to a load of construction (i.e hand-vibration tools for concrete, and rails for tamping) (1.5 KN/m 2. is the typical weight for construction). When the deck is deflected and begins to sag and sag, there will be the formation of concrete pools around the center or the area with the highest deflection (common in design to include an extra 20 millimeter of concrete ponding). The deck's deflection must be taken into consideration during construction, and whether a propping procedure for the beams should be done.
Precast slabs
Floor construction types include precast slabs that are employed in the construction of new structures like shopping centers, schools, or residential spaces. They are typically utilized for steel frames. They are support secondary and primary beams of steel. They can also be constructed as composite beams however this will depend on the method used to construct and the tying of details. They are easy and quick to build on-site and can be lifted to their final position.
Precast slabs may have a non-structural or structural topping that is usually screed (reinforced with a top layer of structural) between 75mm-100mm. This permits diaphragm action within the slab that transfers winds lateral forces back to the steel bracing or the concrete core (depends on the stability system).
Additionally, it is crucial to identify the sequence of construction using precast planks and the way it places upon the beams of steel. Do they sit its top edge on a Universal Beam section or the bottom flange on an Asymmetric Beam/Slimflor beam?
If the plank sits on the lower flange that is the bottom of the beam the torsional forces must be considered since the force is tangential with respect to the beam's web. In addition, the size of the flange should be evaluated to determine whether the beam has sufficient bearing space for the plank to be seated on (i.e. generally, there should be a minimum bearing of around 80mm for each side).
Precast planks in general are a good choice when you consider how fast construction can be completed as well as their ability to minimize zones of structural construction (i.e. the floor's depth will be reduced) and it will result in a higher floor-to-ceiling distance.
Concrete Flat Slab
Flat slab flooring is a concrete floor in situ that is typically employed in reinforced concrete frame structures. The floor slab is made as either a two-way span slab or a single-way spanning slab, which is mounted by beams of concrete.
When building, formwork for the floor's bottom is necessary. It can be formed from metal or timber and propped up using either props for crow or soldiers with heavy-duty (RMD Kwickform props and Mabeyhire props). The formwork can be removed when the concrete slab is set and set. It is then able to achieve the required strength, as defined by the design team.
The flat slab design can be very beneficial for constructions where floor to ceiling heights are not feasible or when the building has large mechanical installations and ductwork to be installed. The soffit is easily accessible and ducts are able to pass through it easily.
There are various kinds of concrete slabs that include one-way crossing slabs, two-way slabs as well as ribbed and waffle slabs. All are suitable based on the construction and design.
waffle slabs are a typical element in older car parks due to the fact that the more deep sections with less concrete volume offered sufficient durability for the floor while restricting cracking and deflection. But the complex nature of the formwork hinders it from being a wide choice from the numerous kinds of flooring.
It is crucial to remember it is important to note that slabs made of concrete and slabs with flats can be efficient when it comes to analyzing frequencies and vibrations that are part of designing hospitals. Rooms for X-ray and MRI as well as other high-intensity equipment that generates large vibrations or radiation could be reduced by a concrete framing device.
Furthermore, these types of floor structures for concrete frame structures and deep floor sections add to the load of the building and will require more foundations (i.e. the use of a floor system that is lightweight can reduce the number of piles needed in pile foundations).
Timber/CLT Flooring
This flooring type is a light solution in which the floorboards, which are either timber panels or CLT are supported by timber Joists. It is typically located in residential masonry homes where the loads applied and the space is quite limited.
Different types of flooring like CLT is currently being used increasingly as an eco-friendly option to flooring made of concrete however, this is contingent on the way the CLT/timber comes from (i.e. is the CLT made and transported to the outside world and, consequently the use of concrete locally could be more sustainable than CLT).
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